References

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The CIE 1976 -Space:

   

with the constraints . The tristimulus values usually are those of the standard illuminant with set to a value of 100.

  

To measure color differences as the Euclidean distance between the coordinates for the two stimuli, the CIE -Equations (CIE, 1995) have been introduced:

    

the difference between the lightness of the two colors compared (calculated according to equation 5). is the difference between the two values of chroma (see equation 4) and for small color differences is calculated by the following equation

from the two values for hue given by equation 5. The geometric mean of the two -values defines . The influence of special viewing conditions can be modeled by the parameters and .

 
Figure 20:   Time course of chromatic adaptation (from Fairchild & Reniff, 1995): The dashed lines show the time course of color-adaptation resulting from a change from a standard illuminant D65 to illuminants A (left), D90 (center) and GRN (right); the solid lines result from a change in the opposite direction.